@article{Babalola_2017, title={Malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies in Kaduna State, Nigeria}, volume={9}, url={https://ojphi.org/ojs/index.php/ojphi/article/view/7778}, DOI={10.5210/ojphi.v9i1.7778}, abstractNote={<div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 297.773px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.08117);" data-canvas-width="56.563006734006734">Objective</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 311.033px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0217);" data-canvas-width="338.5073570707071">We aim to assess the implementation of malaria prevention,</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 325.814px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03355);" data-canvas-width="349.7521129629629">diagnosis and treatment strategies, to assess implementation trends</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 340.595px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00328);" data-canvas-width="279.14635353535346">from 2011 to 2014 and if surveillance targets were met.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 368.723px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.11744);" data-canvas-width="73.28565488215487">Introduction</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 381.983px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.98537);" data-canvas-width="337.8175949494949">Malaria is a preventable disease but 3.4 billion people at risk</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 396.764px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.965483);" data-canvas-width="350.59892474747465">globally with 207 million cases and 627 deaths reported in 2013.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 411.545px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.965201);" data-canvas-width="350.46449023569016">Africa accounts for 80% of cases and 90% of all malaria deaths.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 426.326px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04013);" data-canvas-width="349.96946969696967">Nigeria accounts for 25% of malaria burden in Africa. The goal of</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 441.107px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.996032);" data-canvas-width="348.86007087542083">malaria control is to reduce malaria –related transmissions, cases and</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 455.888px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00067);" data-canvas-width="307.75452020202005">deaths to a level where it is no longer a public health concern</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 484.016px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0727);" data-canvas-width="51.65049326599326">Methods</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 497.275px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984616);" data-canvas-width="337.4444449494948">Kaduna state, north western Nigeria with estimated population</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 512.057px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.956895);" data-canvas-width="350.49464377104385">of 7.3 million has 23 districts and 1252 health facilities. Of these</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 526.838px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03405);" data-canvas-width="349.9556493265994">461 sent malaria surveillance data to National Health Management</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 541.619px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02091);" data-canvas-width="349.66039595959586">Information System monthly. Data from January 2011 to December</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 556.4px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03631);" data-canvas-width="351.96462861952847">2014 was analysed. We evaluated variables related to malaria</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 571.181px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00387);" data-canvas-width="349.1301962962963">interventions strategies such as malaria diagnosis, malaria treatment,</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 585.962px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03748);" data-canvas-width="352.15560101010107">malaria prevention in pregnancy. Frequencies, proportions and</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 600.743px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.973919);" data-canvas-width="350.49715656565644">trend analysis were done and odd ratios for associations between</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 615.525px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.959335);" data-canvas-width="350.18933922558887">variables were calculated with confidence interval set at 95%. Epi</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 630.306px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00084);" data-canvas-width="249.1435858585858">info statistical software was used for the analysis.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 658.433px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.08437);" data-canvas-width="45.38107070707071">Results</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 671.693px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01246);" data-canvas-width="338.24477003366997">Data completeness was 89.8%. Of the 1,008,728 people that</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 686.474px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.999294);" data-canvas-width="350.8853833333333">visited health facilities, 56.6% presented with fever. Among the</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 701.255px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02906);" data-canvas-width="349.74331818181827">fever cases, 34.2% was tested with rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 716.036px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01994);" data-canvas-width="349.73829259259253">5.5% with microscopy. Artemisinin based combination therapy was</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 730.818px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.994306);" data-canvas-width="348.7859434343433">given to 361,464 of which 36.4% had confirmed malaria. Those aged</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 745.599px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0208);" data-canvas-width="349.62396043771054">< 5 years with suspected fever were 1.28 (95% confidential interval</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 760.38px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.962657);" data-canvas-width="350.35895286195284">(C.I), 1.27-1.29; p<0.01)) more likely not to be tested with either</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 775.161px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0056);" data-canvas-width="351.5751454545455">RDT or microscopy and they are 2.62 (95% C.I., 2.63 – 6.67;</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 789.942px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01048);" data-canvas-width="349.27091279461274">p<0.01) times more likely to have ACT for confirmed malaria. ACT</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 804.723px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.962624);" data-canvas-width="350.17049326599306">prescription to presumptive malaria increases from 31.8% in 2013</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 819.504px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.944548);" data-canvas-width="349.9393161616162">to 200.2% in 2014. There is a progressive increase of long lasting</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 834.286px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.999265);" data-canvas-width="348.993248989899">insecticidal net distribution and access to second dose of Intermittent</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 849.067px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00558);" data-canvas-width="247.72385690235689">Preventive Therapy (IPT-2) for pregnant women.</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 877.194px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.10256);" data-canvas-width="75.39640235690236">Conclusions</div><div style="left: 93.1212px; top: 890.454px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.976072);" data-canvas-width="337.15170437710435">Generally, progress in Malaria control transition to Elimination</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 905.235px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.983904);" data-canvas-width="350.9092548821547">in Kaduna State, Nigeria is favorable with malaria prevalence at</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 920.016px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.972557);" data-canvas-width="350.50972053872044">36.4%. Some targets were met within the period and recommend</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 934.797px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02273);" data-canvas-width="351.6480164983166">strengthening of these malaria control strategies with focus on</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 949.578px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.983177);" data-canvas-width="350.37151683501673">vulnerable groups and prevent uncontrolled ACT prescription for</div><div style="left: 79.8182px; top: 964.36px; font-size: 12.564px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00136);" data-canvas-width="106.07762457912457">presumptive malaria.</div>}, number={1}, journal={Online Journal of Public Health Informatics}, author={Babalola, Obafemi J.}, year={2017}, month={May} }